Existing research also demonstrated that OSF significantly increased the cell–matrix adhesion, invasion and migration abilities and the activity of the MMP2 and IGF-1R of oral cancer, and affected the EMT by enhancing the expression of N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin and downregulating the expression of E-cadherin in human oral cancer cells [67]. Here, VIM is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.