Preclinical and clinical studies showed that hyperinsulinemia correlates with inflammation, and that both these factors increase the release of cytokines, such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in the adipose tissue [127], eliciting a direct activity on immune system cells, in particular, NK and T- and B-lymphocytes [128]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and hyperinsulinism.