Finally, the HIV protease inhibitor Ritonavir, along with the proteasome inhibitor Delanzomib induced ER stress and inhibited the mTOR pathway, resulting in tumor growth arrest and suppressed colony formation in vitro in 769-P, 786-O, Caki-2 and Renca RCC cell lines and in in vivo mouse models of subcutaneous grafting of Renca cells [151]. Here, MTOR is linked to renal cell carcinoma.