NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: MRD assessment is now routinely recommended in the evaluation of treatment response and monitoring in AML by the European LeukemiaNet (ELN), using multiparameter flow cytometry MRD (MFC-MRD) based on the combination of diagnostic leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) and different from normal (DfN) immunophenotype, and validated molecular markers, namely NPM1, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, CBFB::MYH11, and PML::RARA [2,3,4].