CASP3 and ischemia: Conversely, apelin-36-mediated decrease of Bax and caspase-3 levels associated with IRI was related to the PI3K/Akt pathway [118], inhibition of ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) activation induced by brain I/R injury [119], and SK1/JNK/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway [120], whereas apelin-12 neuroprotection after ischemia was associated with restrainment of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38MAPK signaling pathways of apoptosis-related MAPKs family [121].