INS and Insulin resistance: Transcriptome studies [137,138] showed that some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are associated with a decrease in insulin secretion (ZMIZ1, MTNR1B, ADCY5, GIPR, C2CDC4A, CDKAL1, GCK, TCF7L2, GLIS3, THADA, and IGF2BP2), while other DEGs are associated with insulin resistance (PPARG, KLF14, and IRS1) and a decrease in the incretin response (TCF7L2, KCNQ1, GIPR, THADA, WFS1, and MTNR1B).