The anti-inflammatory effect of esculetin was related to its inhibition on the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, DSS-induced colitis in mice [259], and LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice [260] and alleviated the progression of lupus nephritis MRL/lpr mice via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway [261]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and colitis.