NFE2L2 and age-related macular degeneration: On the other hand, the effect of delphinidin on Nrf2, JNK, and NF-κB was established in vitro in H2O2-treated human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells concerning age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in murine embryonic stem cell lines such as ES-E14TG2a and ES-R1 [138,139].