TNF and metabolic syndrome: LPS injection not only induces type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing insulin signaling in adipose tissues but also induces increased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (Mcp1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and induces weight changes, hepatotoxicity, and dyslipidemia.