TNF and myocardial infarction: The TNFα–TNFR1 complex is primarily involved in the inflammatory response and ventricular remodeling after MI, and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiotoxicity, whereas the TNFα-TNFR2 complex blunts these events after MI, reduces cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and exerts a protective effect on the heart [63].