Furthermore, TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice were found to have overall reduced numbers of neurons and nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons [61,62], which enabled Dariel to speculate that a reduced level of TLR2/4 expression may lead to an altered ENS phenotype, and therefore an increased susceptibility to postoperative bowel dysfunction. Here, TLR2 is linked to bowel dysfunction.