In her Banting Lecture in 2011, Barbara Corkey proposed a model in which excessive beta-cell insulin secretory responses, possibly induced by consumption of the “modern” Western diet and over-nutrition, superimposed on a susceptible genetic background and metabolic programming, may be a major cause of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes [42]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hyperinsulinism.