VEGFA and cancer: The latter include immunotherapy, which involves the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors; chemotherapy, which involves the use of traditional drugs, such as gemcitabine, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil, that are often more effective in destroying cancer cells if combined; and targeted therapy, which involves the use of kinase inhibitors that block tyrosine kinases and thus stop the growth of the cancer, or monoclonal antibodies that target vascular endothelial growth factor, affecting a tumor’s ability to form new blood vessels and thus to grow [24].