SERPINE1 and post-traumatic stress disorder: Indeed, using a mouse model displaying the paradoxical memory features of PTSD (i.e., contextual amnesia and emotional hypermnesia) [15], we showed that the deregulation of the GMES signaling cascade via an increase in PAI-1 induced by intense or traumatic stress was responsible for the formation of pathological memory, modeling important aspects of PTSD [29] (Figure 4).