INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In contrast, the majority of citations for studies evaluating the metabolic effects of curcumin in insulin-resistant populations with obesity (26% of studies in this category) [44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68], metabolic syndrome (15%) [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85], or type 2 diabetes mellitus (26%) [86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114] reported positive outcomes for commonly studied endpoints.