Although the efficiency and pharmacokinetics of NPL1010 and NPL3008 in human body must be investigated, NPL1010 and NPL3008 may be applied in the treatment of abnormal BMP signaling causing human diseases, such as the depression phenotype and aging-dependent decline in cognitive function, by upregulating the functional Chrd protein level [4,5,6]. Here, CHRD is linked to depressive disorder.