Further functional analysis of colitis-specific core genes revealed high enrichment of inflammatory-related terms, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, IL-17, IGF1-Akt and Tyrobp signaling pathways, antiviral response, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), lung fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Figure 1C, upper panel). Here, TNF is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.