MEFV and familial Mediterranean fever: Surprisingly, both acute and chronic inflammation activated similar inflammasome sensors: (1) AIM2 and IFI204 that are activated by DNA released from damaged mitochondria or dead cells; (2) NLRP3 that is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, including oxidative stress and stress-induced lipid signaling; (3) PYRIN, whose loss-of-function mutation causes the monogenic autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever [66]; and (4) NLRC4 that, if mutated, causes constitutive CASP1 cleavage in cells leading to severe autoinflammatory syndromes in humans [67].