AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Liu P et al. [134] discovered that serum levels of GS were higher in HCC patients compared with liver cirrhosis patients and healthy controls, and the AUROCs of GS and α-FP for HCC diagnosis were 0.85 and 0.861, respectively, whereas the AUROC was 91% (sensitivity 81.9%, specificity 100%) for differentiating AFP-negative HCCs from healthy controls, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 93% when combining GS with these findings suggest that GS could be a useful biomarker for HCC diagnosis, particularly in α-FP-negative cases.