One study has examined serum levels of various chemokines in the context of HCC detection, and multivariate regression analysis revealed that serum CCL4 and CCL5 levels were higher in cirrhotic with HCC (N = 61) than in cirrhotic patients without HCC (N = 78), making them useful candidate diagnostic markers for HCC. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.