TSPYL5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Notably, the multitarget HCC blood test (mt-HBT), incorporating methylation biomarkers (i.e., HOXA1, TSPYL5, and B3GALT6), α-FP, and sex, demonstrated 72% sensitivity for early-stage HCC at 88% specificity in a 2022 multicentre US study by Chalasani NP et al. [143], with 136 HCC cases (60% early-stage) and 404 controls.