APOB and atherosclerosis: Finally, in ASCVD-free individuals from three landmark US cohorts—the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)—levels of RC were associated with ASCVD independently from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as LDL-C, and non-HDL-C or apo-B levels [45].