They found that both RP and IRP1-4 could regulate the expression of FOXO1 (a downstream protein of the P13K/AKT pathway) and p-GSK3 protein, control liver gluconeogenesis, improve liver glycogen storage insulin resistance, and relieve symptoms of type 2 diabetes by activating the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K)/thephosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.