Particularly, activation of IL-6 was shown to promote the proliferation of glioblastoma cells after ionizing radiation in the presence of functional ATM [82], while activation of TGF-β was shown to consolidate the ATM-CHK2-p53 complex, favoring a progressive senescence death rather than a proliferation of cells that would increase in the number of propagated DNA damage and therefore the toxicity rate [83]. Here, ATM is linked to glioblastoma.