ESR1 and breast carcinoma: To investigate the ability of these PTTP nanoparticles encapsulating KU to sensitize breast cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX), we took advantage of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 (luminal estrogen receptor-positive HER2-low), cultured either as adherent cells (“Adh”) or as tumor spheres (mammospheres, “MS”), which are a more suitable cellular model compared with adherent cells in that they more closely approximate the resistance to anticancer therapy of breast cancer cells [38].