VDAC1 and neoplasm: Six key genes were located within malignant tumor cells and enriched predominantly in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, including PERP, BAK1, VDAC1, FOXO3, AKT3, and IGF1. Significant differences were identified for age, T category, N stage, and recidivation, in light of the distinct FOXO3 and IGF1 expression levels.