The combination of intralesional vidutolimod with systemic nivolumab is under phase 2 investigation (NCT04698187) in anti-PD-1-refractory and phase 2/3 investigation (NCT04695977) compared to systemic nivolumab alone in treatment-naïve, unresectable or metastatic melanoma (Table 1). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metastatic melanoma.