VCAM1 and breast cancer: In breast cancer, NF-κB is also reported to induce the expression of EMT-related genes such as Twist, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), MMPs and serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), along with the expression of one of the major tumour promoting genes Bcl2 [200,201].