Figure 6 demonstrates that TGF-β1 is most predominant in female sarcoidosis patients. In Figure 4, we see that gut dysbiosis augments lung fibrosis. When IL-6 induction occurs, downstream signaling can lead to either IL-17A or TGF-B1 expression. IL-17A expression leads to pulmonary inflammation. Estrogen signaling provides protection against proinflammatory fibrosis due to the capacity of the ERα to bind to the STAT3 promoter (Figure 1). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.