In HDL3, 12 proteins (APMAP, apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-V, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoD, apoM, HPHPR, PCSK9, and SAA4) were more abundant in individuals with HbA1c ≥ 8.5%, while the content of eight proteins (A1AT, A1BG, Alb, apoF, GC, HBB, RBP4, and transthyretin) was greater in T1D with HbA1c < 8.5% (Additional file 1: Table S1). Here, APOF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.