HBB and type 1 diabetes mellitus: T1D was more associated with the abundance of 17 proteins (apoM, apoC-I, apoC-III, SAA4, apoC-II, HPHPR, PLTP, PCSK9, GPLD1, SAA4, apoB, TF, CETP, apoA-I, apoC-IV, LCAT, and APMAP) (Fig. 1E), and the controls with seven proteins (HBB, ALB, apoF, GC, A1BG, apoH, and CST3) (Fig. 1F).