Plasma NfL levels were found to be higher in patients with a dementia (AD and FTD together) (MED: 45.95 IQR: 30.60 pg/mL) when compared with the control HC (MED: 16.10 IQR: 7.60 pg/mL; p < 0.0001; AUC = 0.97). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and dementia.