Upon infections, pathogen associated PAMPs/DAMPs activate variety of PRRs (e.g. TLRs)65–68 that triggers signaling cascades and activates transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP1, IRFs, STATs, and induce transcription of pro-inflammatory genes (cytokines, chemokines, IFNs etc.)leading to inflammation response. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.