Importantly because caspase 3 activation [40] and caspase dependent production of Aβ [19, 41] are two of the molecular events taking place in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients it is possible that HSV-1, during the reactivation phases, by stimulating these processes participates to Alzheimer’s disease initiation and/or progression of subjects chronically infected by this virus. Here, CASP3 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.