PTEN and breast cancer: Variations in other genes such as PTEN and TP53, which are also associated with highly penetrant syndromes, like Cowden (PTEN) and Li-Fraumeni (TP53), reported to increase breast cancer risk by 60% (Angeli et al., 2020; Peleg Hasson et al., 2020; Gradishar et al., 2022).