For example, studies have found that CYP activity in Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) was decreased after infection with Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, and a large number of GSTs in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen were downregulated in the overall response to fungi (Trienens et al., 2017; Kumar et al., 2019). Here, HPGDS is linked to infection.