EPO stimulation of vascular endothelium in culture and animal models promotes eNOS expression and NO production, and is associated with prevention or improvement of endothelial dysfunction (Beleslin-Cokic et al., 2004; Mihov et al., 2009a; Teng et al., 2011; Serizawa et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene NOS3 and endothelial dysfunction.