Overall, our findings align with previous studies showing that loss of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in breast cancer cells or knocking out Cdk5 in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is associated with mPTP formation, ROS increase [Ca2+]mt and [Ca2+]cyt increase, and caspase-mediated apoptosis (NavaneethaKrishnan et al., 2018; NavaneethaKrishnan et al., 2020). Here, CDK5 is linked to breast cancer.