Following secondary infection, a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-17A (from TRM), IL-17C (from epithelial cells), IL-6, and IFNγ recruit additional phagocytes to the site of infection including dendritic cells and macrophages which ultimately clear the infection via opsonization-enhanced phagocytosis (Figure 2). Here, TNF is linked to infection.