Pharmacologic interventions may become available to persons with potentially modifiable risk factors of brain pathology, e.g. the monoclonal antibodies currently under testing in patients with cognitive impairment due to AD pathology (aducanumab, donanemab, and lecanemab).38, 39, 40 Further in the future, gene therapies targeting APOE4, APOE2, and NGF in addition to beta-amyloid and tau may add to the pharmacological armamentarium.41 Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.