In JRS/JSICM/JSRCM-GL2021, a systematic review reported a sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.62 for a cutoff value of 400–500 pg/mL for BNP, sensitivity of 0.50 and specificity of 0.82 for a cutoff value of 1000 pg/mL, and sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.89 for a cutoff value of 4000 pg/mL for NT-proBNP when differentiating ARDS from hydrostatic pulmonary edema. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and acute respiratory distress syndrome.