In a recent study of 34 glargine-treated patients with T2DM with mean A1c ~ 8.0% at baseline, the addition of either once daily lixisenatide or insulin glulisine (administered only before breakfast) for 8-weeks was found to yield similar effects on systemic hemodynamic measures in the fasted state (including BP, HR, stroke volume, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, and normalized augmentation index) [14]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.