TFAP4 and breast carcinoma: However, these oncogenic properties of TFAP4 were found in solid cancers, such as breast cancer [12], colorectal carcinoma [13, 14], gastric cancer [15], neuroblastoma [16, 17] and certain others [18, 19], and the role of TFAP4 in haematological malignancies has only been investigated in one study to date [20].