ATG12 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Among ER stress markers, Pdia3, whose expression increases in NASH patients35, increased at 3 wk, followed by elevation of Perk and Chop. In addition, Nox2 increased, whereas Prdx6 decreased, and autophagy-related genes including Atg3, Atg12, and Lc3b decreased in the CDAHFD group, suggesting excessive diet-induced oxidative stress and impairment of autophagy.