Ectopic expression of Cas9 and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting KAT8 in multiple cell lines (osteosarcoma cell line 143B, malignant melanoma cell line A375 and lung cancer cell line A549) significantly decreased the total protein and mRNA levels of PD-L1 with or without IFNγ exposure (Fig. 1c,d and Extended Data Fig. 1b,c). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and lung carcinoma.