In injured axons, EP supplementation delays WD by increasing ATP levels (J. Wang et al., 2005), inhibiting de-differentiation of Schwann cells through p-ERK1/2, p75NGFR, and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (Park et al., 2015), and preventing the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1; Chung et al., 2019). Here, NOS1 is linked to Wilson disease.