Consistent with this, we found sCNTN1 levels were significantly lower at presentation in CNTN1-antibody positive patients (median 1.02 ng/ml, range 0.02 to 36.37) compared to 25 randomly selected seronegative patients with CIDP (four of whom had concurrent nephrotic syndrome) (median 10.67 ng/ml, range 3.96 to 30.06) and 25 seronegative patients with nephrotic syndrome only (median 13.91 ng/ml, range 4.37 to 26.72) (p = 0.003 and p<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis) (Fig 2A). The gene discussed is CNTN1; the disease is nephrotic syndrome.