Biological process of high abundant proteins in HF were enriched with the Protein disulphide isomerase like PDIA1 and PDIA3 that regulate protein quality and redox regulation (Ellerman et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2017; Chichiarelli et al., 2022) Sp17 regulates acrosomal reaction and interactions with the zona pellucida during the fertilization process (Chiriva-Internati et al., 2009). Here, P4HB is linked to hydrops fetalis.