Another significantly upregulated pathway relative to renal cysts and sporadic AML was K-RAS pathway activation, which has been proven to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and therefore has been implicated as a cancer target during the past few years, such as in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Mehra et al., 2021), lung cancer (Chu, 2020), and breast cancer (Gupta et al., 2020). Here, KRAS is linked to lung carcinoma.