KRAS and cystic kidney disease: Another significantly upregulated pathway relative to renal cysts and sporadic AML was K-RAS pathway activation, which has been proven to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and therefore has been implicated as a cancer target during the past few years, such as in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Mehra et al., 2021), lung cancer (Chu, 2020), and breast cancer (Gupta et al., 2020).