TSC1 and neoplasm: Due to the characteristic symptoms and specific mutations of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, TSC-RAML is quite different from S-AML in many aspects, including multifocal, a larger tumor volume and a higher incidence of tumor rupture, which is the main cause of death among adult TSC-RAML patients (Amin et al., 2017; Lam et al., 2018).