Numerous observational cohort studies had linked the levels of the biomarkers MIP1b, MCSF, GROa, Eotaxin, MCP3, and SCF in the regulation of embryo implantation (Gnainsky et al., 2010), improve endometrial receptivity (Gnainsky et al., 2015), premature rupture of membranes (Raba et al., 2021), recurrent miscarriage (Wu et al., 2021), reduced developmental potential of an oocyte (Tan et al., 2017), and gestational hypertension (Lan et al., 2022). Here, CCL4 is linked to spontaneous abortion.