RAC3 and lung carcinoma: Wang et al. (2016) discovered that Rac3 in lung cancer might enhance cell proliferation via the cell cycle pathway. A previous study found that the lncRNA PIK3CD-AS2 promotes progression in patients with LUAD by suppressing p53 signaling (Zheng et al., 2020), which implies that ERS-related lncRNA may have a similar effect. Some lncRNAs in LUAD, such as LINC0047 (Deng et al., 2020), LINC01006 (Zhang et al., 2021b) and SGMS1-AS1 (Liu et al., 2021c), have been shown to influence EMT processes.