Huo et al. found acid and bile salts in normal esophageal squamous cells from BE trigger the NADPH oxidase system to produce H2O2, which then activates the IB-NF-κB-PKAc complex through a sequence of phosphorylations to further regulate CDX2 transcription (Huo et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CDX2; the disease is Barrett esophagus.