CCL5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, circ-0110102 inhibits HCC development and macrophage activation through the miR-580-5p/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)/cyclooxygenase-2 (CCL2) signaling pathway (96), hsa_circ_0003410 enhances the proportion of M2/M1 macrophages through the miR-139-3p/CCL5 pathway and facilitates HCC progression (97).