AFP and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Compared to AFP, Yu and colleagues reported increased accuracy of the circPanel in distinguishing HCC from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV-related liver cirrhosis and heathy controls; it also exhibited improved accuracy in differentiating among small HCC, AFP-negative HCC and AFP-negative small HCC from HCC.In this study, Yu and colleagues collected plasma, HCC and adjacent noncancerous liver (ANL) tissues from three different hospitals, and each hospital was divided into a set.