AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, routine laboratory tests, such as evaluations of serum Prealbumin (PAB), a sensitive indicator of liver impairment and function (20), D-dime r(21), and γ-glutamine transpeptidase (GGT),a surface enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, (22) and transaminases(ALT/AST) reflected damage of hepatocytes (23) are valuable for the diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC (20, 24).